TNF and Alzheimer disease: IHC, WB and RT-qPCR results showed that DNFB stimulation could promote expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β, Chemokine CCL2, pro-inflammatory HMGB1, ER stress-related proteins Bip and CHOP, oxidative stress-related protein HO-1 in skin tissues of mice, indicating DNFB-induced AD mice had the greater inflammation, ER stress and oxidative stress responses compared with untreated mice; also, CAP treatment partly alleviated DNFB-induced skin inflammation, ER stress and oxidative stress (Figures 2A–C and S2A, B).