Renard et al. studied the levels of PIM-1 in patients with PAH (IPAH, CTD-PAH, vasoreactive-IPAH and CHD-PAH) and verified that the levels of PIM-1 in plasma are increased in patients with IPAH and CTD-PAH, patients essentially characterized by active pulmonary vascular remodeling. This evidence concerns the gene PIM1 and idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension.