How general anaesthesia drugs act on the central nervous system, and its pharmacological mechanism is not completely clear, but the current mainstream view holds that the mechanisms of cognitive impairment induced by general anaesthesia may include tau hyperphosphorylation (33), caspase-3 activation (34), β-amyloid deposition (35), increased activity of γ-aminobutyric acid type a receptor in the brain (36) and changes in the central cholinergic transmission of nicotine and muscarinic receptors (37). Here, CASP3 is linked to Cognitive impairment.