The results shown in Figure 2 showed that the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 in the COPD group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.01), but the content of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 was lower than the control group (P < 0.01), indicating that there was an inflammatory response in the COPD group. Here, TNF is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.