Furthermore, we identified five most significantly different DEGs, including TMCC3, FLNB, CAMK2D, OPLAH, and EGR1. Among these genes, TMCC3 and FLNB were significantly downregulated, and CAMK2D, OPLAH, and EGR1 were upregulated in the testicular tissue of the varicocele rats (Table 4). Here, OPLAH is linked to varicocele.