The alterations and decreased biodiversity were similar to microbiota studies of IBD (Xu et al., 2018), CRA (Feng et al., 2015), CRC, colitis-associated cancer (CAC), sporadic cancer (SC) (Mima et al., 2016; Richard et al., 2018; Wang et al., 2020), PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS) (Jia et al., 2021), and familial adenomatous polyposis (Dejea et al., 2018). This evidence concerns the gene PTEN and inflammatory bowel disease.