IL1B and pulmonary arterial hypertension: The expression levels of TMAO and tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-1β in plasma of mice fed the Western diet (a risk factor for PAH) were significantly elevated, while the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was decreased, and this change was reversed by the inhibitor of trimethylamine formation (Chen K. et al., 2017; Brittain et al., 2019).