CXCR4 and cardiovascular disorder: Third, studies have revealed that SDF-1 also can bind and signal through the CXCR7 receptor, even stronger binding affinity for SDF-1 than CXCR4 in T lymphocytes (Balabanian et al., 2005), subsequently, SDF-1/CXCR4/CXCR7 signaling axis was proved in many biological processes, such as immune and nervous systems, hematopoiesis, and cardiovascular disease (Guyon, 2014; Zhang et al., 2018).