NFKB1 and brain ischemia: The neuroprotective effect of LPS preconditioning in cerebral ischemia and traumatic brain injury has been reported to be associated with its preventive effect on the pathological progression of neuroinflammation through mechanisms such as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibition and interferon regulatory factor (IRF) activation (Stevens et al., 2011; Vartanian et al., 2011).