MAPK3 and cancer: Another study verified that TBMS-1 inhibits cell proliferations and results in toxic stress to cancer cells by promoting protein-tyrosinephosphatase1B (PTP1B) expressions in melanoma and activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase 1/2- extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2-ERK1/2) cascade pathway (Du et al., 2020).