CXCR4 and breast cancer: Peng et al. (2016) confirmed that TBMS-1 inhibits the binding capacity of NF- κB to the CXCR4 promoter in vivo and in vitro, thereby suppressing CXCR4 expressions in breast cancer cells and inhibiting their metastasis. Moreover, TBMS-1 (4–8 μmol/L) inhibited breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation and induced their apoptosis as well as autophagy. Autophagic induction of TBMS-1 might be achieved by regulating the PI3k/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway (Jiang et al., 2019; Liu et al., 2019).