TNF and prostate carcinoma: Previous studies shown that alpha-solanine, an extract of Solanum Nigrum Linn., could inhibit invasion of human prostate cancer cells by suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression (Shen et al., 2014), while Solanum Nigrum Linn. Polysaccharide-1, another active ingredient therein, exhibited immunomodulatory activity by promoting the release of NO, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin (IL)-6 in macrophages and inducing Th1 responses mediated by IL -2 and interferon-γ (Pu et al., 2020).