It is also possible that cytokines including IL-4, IL-10, TGF-β, and VEGF, possibly combined with a corresponding reduction or impairment of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ, which would otherwise support isotype-switching to IgG1, may be part of the regulatory profile of a skewed humoral immune response in melanoma. The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is melanoma.