TRPV1 and Hepatic fibrosis: To further confirm the effect of TRPV1 on CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis, we evaluated the effect of capsaicin-induced TRPV1 activation and TRPV1 KO on CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis by measuring the protein expression of fibrosis markers, including α-SMA and COL1A1.