Furthermore, by measuring the protein levels of ECM markers, α-SMA and COL1A1, we revealed that capsaicin can attenuate, whereas TRPV1 KO mice could enhance, the effect of CCl4 on hepatic fibrosis, indicating that TRPV1 plays a protective role against CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis. This evidence concerns the gene COL1A1 and Hepatic fibrosis.