In addition to Gbp2–/– and Gbp5–/– BMDMs36,37, we found that Gbp1–/– and Gbp3–/– BMDMs had an impaired ability to generate ASC specks, a hallmark of inflammasome activation, in response to infection with F. novicida (Supplementary Fig. 1c), suggesting that four different GBPs, including GBP1 and GBP3, function to contribute to inflammasome activation. This evidence concerns the gene GBP1 and infection.