Indeed, several lines of evidence suggest that: (i) NKX6.1 translocates from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in β-cells from T2D donors and db/db mice and was accompanied by activation of aldehyde dehydrogenase-1 a3 (Aldh1a3) and concomitant activation of typical undifferentiated endocrine cell marker genes [6, 50]; (ii) loss of function of NKX6.1 has been associated with the loss of β-cell-specific features, leading to disruption of some specific gene regulatory networks and consequently loss of β-cell identity [22]. This evidence concerns the gene NKX6-1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.