The most important mechanism is to activate the cGAS-STING and NF-κB signaling leading to an increase of cytokines.128,281,282 Some investigations show that IR promotes the secretion of CXCL16 in tumor cells which can be combined with Th1 cells and CXCR6 on activated CD8+ T cells to increase the infiltration of local immune cells.283,284 On the other hand, IR may promote the migration of T cells towards irradiated tumor sites resulting in a positive immunological outcome. Here, CXCL16 is linked to neoplasm.