FOXP3 and inflammatory bowel disease: In conclusion, this is the first study to demonstrate the association between FOXP3 variants (rs2232365 and rs3761548) in female Brazilian patients with IBD, and these results suggest that FOXP3 variants, individually or in haplotype structures, could exert a role in the Treg cell function, which could be one of the factors involved in the susceptibility and pathogenesis of IBD in females.