For example, HLA class I allele HLA-B27/57 played a protective role against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus infections (32); HLA class II allele HLA-DRB*13 was associated with better survival for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer after receiving chemotherapy (33). Here, HLA-DRB1 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.