After adjusting for potential cofounders (age, diabetes) and covariants, including eGFR, history of hypertension and dyslipidemia, use of beta blockers, and hemoglobulin level, that were significant in the univariate analyses (Supplementary Table 1), VCAM-1 remained statistically significant in model 2 (β = −0.218, SE = 0.092, P = 0.039). Here, VCAM1 is linked to diabetes mellitus.