Studies from our group and others have demonstrated that astragalin, C1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein 12, fargesin and biochanin A increase RCT efficiency and protect against atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE−/−) mice by up-regulating ABCA1 and ABCG1 expression [7–9]. The gene discussed is ABCA1; the disease is atherosclerosis.