The important roles of TGF-β1 have been examined and reported in multiple CNS disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) [50], stroke [51], motor neuron diseases [52], multiple sclerosis [53], etc. However, the underlying mechanisms of TGF-β1’s protective effects on demyelinating disease remain largely unknown. Here, TGFB1 is linked to early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.