TGFB1 and cancer: In ROC1 p53-KD cells, qPCR studies revealed that IL33 and ST2 receptor were both downregulated (Fig. 4e); the IL33/ST2 signaling pathway has been reported to sustain tumor-associated macrophages and activate tumor growth factor-beta (TGF-β) expression to sustain a signaling loop to promote cancer progression48.