Data from our scRNA-seq analyses further identified elevated IGF1 and insulin related signaling pathways in hARtg+ basal epithelial cells in R26mTmG/hAR:Osr1Cre/+ mice, suggesting a regulatory mechanism underlying aberrant AR action in stimulating IGF1 signaling to promote PCa initiation. This evidence concerns the gene IGF1 and posterior cortical atrophy.