To explore whether impaired nuclear translocation of R-SMADs and SMAD4 results in attenuation of R-SMADs phosphorylation observed in RGS6-HA stable cells (Fig. 5A), we investigated the kinetics of TGF-β-induced phosphorylation of SMAD3 in NSCLC cells. This evidence concerns the gene SMAD3 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.