In RGS6-HA stable NSCLC cells, TGF-β-induced phosphorylation of SMAD2 and SMAD3 were both attenuated at 24 h after TGF-β treatment, while no change on the total levels of these two proteins and SMAD4 (Fig. 5A). This evidence concerns the gene SMAD3 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.