FGF23 and hyperphosphatemia: Hyperphosphatemia, hyperparathyroidism, and elevated FGF-23 are the primary indicators for the diagnosis of CKD–mineral bone disorder (CKD–MBD) which develops in the early stages of CKD and disease progression can result in cardiovascular disease and renal osteodystrophy (ROD) – the skeletal pathology component of the CKD-MBD syndrome (Fang et al. 2014).