Specifically, in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), Kupffer cells, and hepatocytes, the activation of TLR4 by LPS contributes to proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines secretion by activating MAPK, IRF3, and NF-KB, which results in hepatic injury and fibrotic progression in AIH (Liu et al., 2021a). The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is autoimmune hepatitis.