CD8A and colorectal carcinoma: Thus far, assays including OncotypeDx, ColoPrint, and ColDx have demonstrated some success in independently predictingrisk of disease recurrence for patients with stage II/III CRC through geneexpression profiling, whereas the ability to predict benefit of adjuvantchemotherapy has been less clear and requires further validation.176, , , , , –182 Immunoscore, a uniquescoring system evaluating the proportion of CD3+ and CD8+ immune cells within tumorsamples, is also under investigation as a predictor for risk of recurrence in CRC.183