Riipi and Carlson (1990) observed that TNF-α plays a crucial role in vivo in response to disseminated Candida. The treatment of mice with monoclonal antibodies against TNF-α enhanced the mortality to experimental disseminated candidiasis (Steinshamn and Waage, 1992; Louie et al., 1994). Likewise, treatment with pharmacological inhibitors of TNF-α production led to enhanced mortality and increased outgrowth of C. albicans during disseminated candidiasis in mice (Netea et al., 1995). Knock-out mice for TNF-α and β were highly susceptible to disseminated candidiasis (Marino et al., 1997). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and disseminated candidiasis.