ASS1 and neoplasm: Similarly, tumor cells resistant to the arginine deprivation agent ADI-PEG20, which had upregulated ASS1 expression compared with sensitive cells, showed enhanced expression of glucose transporter-1 and lactate dehydrogenase-A, reduced expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase, and elevated sensitivity to the glycolytic inhibitors, 2-deoxyglucose and 3-bromopyruvate, consistent with the enhanced glycolytic pathway (the Warburg effect).