A prospective study of patients who underwent radical surgery for NSCLC demonstrated that patients with postoperative IL-4 abnormalities had significantly greater one- and three-year cumulative relapse frequencies compared to patients with normal IL-4 levels (1-year: 40.00% vs. 15.15%; 3-year: 72.00% vs. 33.33%; p = 0.001) (58). This evidence concerns the gene IL4 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.