NFKB1 and inflammatory bowel disease: In a dextran sodium sulphate- (DSS-) induced murine model of colitis, DSS significantly increased the expression level of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 which have prominent effects on the pathogenesis of IBD and treatment with MCL significantly reduced DSS-induced release of these pro-inflammatory cytokines via regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway [31].