In the particular case of ZIP11, early gene association analyses using genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets coupled with analyses of tumors for somatic change of ZIP11 gene variants, and patient survival from data in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) showed that the variant (rs8081059) was significantly associated with increased risk of renal cell carcinoma, while four other variants (rs11871756, rs11077654, rs9913017, and rs4969054) were significantly associated with bladder cancer risk. Here, SLC39A11 is linked to renal cell carcinoma.