AZIN1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: For instance, Under the action of deaminase of ADAR1, the serine (S) transforms glycine (G) substitution at residue 367, located in β-strand 15 of AZIN1 in HCC, resulting to its conformational change, inducing a cytoplasmic-to-nuclear translocation, and conferred “gain-of-function” phenotype, such as growth, colony formation, invasion, and migration (Chen et al., 2013).