ADAR and hepatocellular carcinoma: ADAR1 is frequently amplified in many diverse types of cancers with elevated activity (Fritzell et al., 2018), including hepatocellular carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, thyroid cancer, pancreatic cancer, esophageal cancer, cervical cancer, and multiple myeloma, and consistent with increased RNA editing levels of its substrates (Chen et al., 2013; Han et al., 2015; Paz-Yaacov et al., 2015; Chen Y et al., 2017; Hu et al., 2017; Sun et al., 2020).