Antizyme inhibitor 1 (AZIN1) is the most widely studied ADAR1 substrate in cancer, and edited AZIN1 promotes the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, colorectal cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and other cancers (Chen et al., 2013; Qin et al., 2014; Hu et al., 2017; Shigeyasu et al., 2018; Xu and Öhman, 2018). This evidence concerns the gene ADAR and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.