IL6 and infection: When compared to blood samples, CSF IL-6 levels have been found to be significantly higher in patients with multiple sclerosis (Stelmasiak et al., 2000), subarachnoid hemorrhage (Hopkins et al., 2012), ventriculostomy-related infection (Hopkins et al., 2012), bacterial meningitis (Beran et al., 2009), traumatic brain injury (Kossmann et al., 1995), and stroke (Tarkowski et al., 1995).