NEFL and dementia: NfL levels have also been associated with longitudinal changes in cognition, AD pathology (Jin et al., 2019; Mielke et al., 2019) and white matter integrity (Zetterberg et al., 2016; Mielke et al., 2021), as well as with an increased risk for MCI (Kern et al., 2019; Lim et al., 2021) and dementia (de Wolf et al., 2020; Lim et al., 2021).