FUNDC1 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Our results also indicated that autophagy level was reduced in NAFLD, manifested by the decreased LC3II/LC3I ratio, the accumulation of autophagy substrate p62 protein, and the decreased expression of mitochondrial autophagy-related protein Fundc1 in PA-treated AML12 cells, indicating decreased liver autophagy level in NAFLD.