IL4 and brain inflammatory disease: To verify that the massive overexpression of RNAs encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines observed in DFP-exposed larvae did reflect brain inflammation, we next investigated, by qRT-PCR analysis of RNAs extracted from dissected brains, the expression levels of transcripts encoding the same set of cytokines (Il1β, II8, and Il4) in larvae exposed for 6 h to either DMSO or DFP.