Pyroptosis also increases high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a nuclear DNA binding protein ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotic cells, that increases in patients with SLE [115,116], and then, HMGB1 binding DNA complex can stimulate type I IFN release from DCs through TLR-9 [115,117] and activates B cells via the advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) receptor [118]. Here, TLR9 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.