CDKN1A and atherosclerosis: These inflammatory mediators promote vascular senescence and vascular injury (e.g., atherosclerosis) by activating multiple signaling pathways (e.g., the ATM/p53/p21 (WAF1/Cip1) signaling pathway and the NF-κB/TOM signaling pathway) to induce senescence or injury in endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells [102,103].