In another experiment involving humans, researchers found a correlation between primary bile acid cheno-deoxycholic acid (CDCA) levels and CXCL16 expression in non-tumor liver tissue from patients with primary liver cancer, but a negative correlation with secondary bile acid glycolithocholate (GLCA), suggesting that CDCA had a direct role in preventing tumor expansion [76]. Here, CXCL16 is linked to neoplasm.