Taken together, our results indicate that the TLR2 and c-jun-mediated immune response toward PA infection is diminished in alveolar macrophages from COPD subjects, and although treatment with corticosteroid drugs (either FLU or BUD) can rescue the response in COPD, they do not have any effect in COPD individuals who are under ICS baseline treatment. Here, JUN is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.