Excessive alcohol consumption leads to osteopenia and reduced osteogenic differentiation of MSCs in mouse models through systematic activation of mTOR, leading to an increase in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) and a reduction of genes responsible for differentiation, such as runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX-2) [83]. The gene discussed is RUNX2; the disease is Osteopenia.