The validation outcomes of CXCL16 (Fig. 7B), CXCR4 (Fig. 7C) and CCR5 (Fig. 7D) in the CGGA database exhibited consistent negative correlation trends, suggesting that CXCL16, CXCR4 and CCR5 might act as potentially vital chemokine elements in glioma. Here, CXCR4 is linked to glioma.