NFKB1 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: The examination of this pathway on human leukocytes revealed that low concentrations of LMW HA as 100 pg/ml were able to activate NF-κB signaling in cultured healthy PBMC, result that supports the role of LMW HA as an inducer of TLR-derived pro-inflammatory response in obesity (Fig. 4C).