The results were highly enriched in Cluster 2, including the non-small cell lung cancer pathway, T-cell receptor signalling pathway, B-cell receptor signalling pathway, NK-cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and VEGF signalling pathway (P < 0.05; Fig. 3B), and the unwarping IClncRNAs proved to be remarkably associated with the immune status of patients in the TCGA-LUAD cohort. Here, PPIB is linked to small cell lung carcinoma.