TCS exposure also increased genes associated with retinol metabolism, including cytochrome P450 26A1 (Cyp26a1), dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 4 (Dhrs4) and 9 (Dhrs9), aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A7 (Aldh1a7) and patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (Pnpla3) (Fig. 3a), which has an important role in NAFLD disease progression31. The gene discussed is PNPLA3; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.