ACE and major depressive disorder: Beside major depressive disorder, SNPs within the ACE gene were also significantlyassociated with acute stress response and higher mortality following a majortrauma.273,280,281 In particular, the rs4311 SNP within the ACE gene, that has beenassociated with the panic attack syndrome, might be a functional polymorphism thatincreases risk for dysregulated fear responses.282 In a cohort study recruiting trauma-exposedindividual, this polymorphism was associated with PTSD symptoms and diagnosis, as theT-carriers at the rs4311 SNP had significantly greater likelihood of a PTSDdiagnosis.283