VEGFA and neoplasm: By secreting TGF-β (Noma et al., 2008) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (Olofsson et al., 1999), tumor cells can induce and activate CAFs and endothelial cells, change the tumor cell phenotype, reshape the ECM, help generate blood vessels as well as lymphatic vessels, and then accelerate the outward escape of tumor cells (Folkman, 1990).