Thus, although the total number of CD4 T cells is normal during the early HIV-1 infection stage, there is a depletion of pathogen-specific activated memory CD4 CTLs that are needed to control the cells with pathogen latencies (including EBV), which results in an increase of the risk of developing reactivations and malignancies associated with these pathogens [90]. The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is HIV-1 infection.