Therefore, EBNA-1, by undergoing citrullination upon its presentation on MHC class II molecules following macroautophagy in EBV-latent B cells [20,189,194,195], is a major candidate in the generation of ACPA- and EBNA-1-specific autoreactive CD4 CTLs in individuals with RA-associated HLA-DRB1 risk alleles. This evidence concerns the gene PRTN3 and rheumatoid arthritis.