CD38 and infection: A significant contraction of activated γδ T-cells, i.e., CD69 + γδ T-cells and CD38 + γδ T-cells, was observed at SVR12 in individuals with HIV-HCV co-infection (CD69 + γδ +: 11% [IQR: 8.7–14]; 8.6% [IQR: 5.2–12]; p = 0.02; CD38 + γδ +: 55% [IQR 33.5–68]; 39% [IQR: 32.1–53]; p = 0.01) and HCV mono-infection (CD69 + γδ +: 10.3% [IQR: 6.7–11.6]; 6.5% [IQR: 4–8.3]; p = 0.01; CD38 + γδ +: 38.9% [IQR: 30.5–55.8]; 27.4% [IQR: 22–38–8]; p = 0.03) (Figure 1B).