BRAF and melanoma: Results: The main signaling pathways involved in melanoma were EGF/EGFR–RAS–BRAF–MEK–ERK–CyclinD1/CDK4, Ras–PI3K–PTEN–PKB/AKT, and p14/p16 (CDKN2A)–MDM2–p53–p21–cyclinD1/CDK4/6–Rb/E2F.